Fig 1: ART3 immunofluorescence staining. (A–C) Staining results of cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of mouse testis; (D–F) staining results of cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of bovine testis. (G–J) Staining results of mouse epididymal sperm, and (K–N) the staining results of bovine epididymal sperm. Blue represents the nucleus stained by DAPI; red represents the positive signal of the ART3 antibody. (C,F,I,M) Merged images of ART3 and nuclear staining. (J,N) The microscopic images of epididymal sperm without any staining under the bright field. (O,P) The AOD values of ART3 at different stages of spermatid development in bovine and mouse, respectively. The y-axis represents the AOD value, whereas the x-axis represents different cell types. The AOD values were represented as the mean with error bars indicating standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM). Student’s t-test was used to assess the statistical significance (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (A–F): ×200 magnification; scale bar = 100 μm. (G–N): ×1000 magnification; scale bar = 10 μm.